{"id":5281,"date":"2020-12-29T17:10:33","date_gmt":"2020-12-29T17:10:33","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2026-04-28T12:43:50","modified_gmt":"2026-04-28T12:43:50","slug":"improving-use-of-modern-family-planning-through-shifting-norms-with-young-couples","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kmtraining.org\/fr\/improving-use-of-modern-family-planning-through-shifting-norms-with-young-couples\/","title":{"rendered":"Improving Voluntary Use of Modern Family Planning Through Shifting Norms with Young Couples"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Social norms are unwritten \u201crules\u201d governing behavior<\/a> that are shared by members of a group or society. They are the informal, and often unspoken, rules by which most people live. Unlike attitudes or beliefs, which are individual, social norms reflect shared beliefs about a behavior<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Social norms matter. They not only uphold behaviors, but also reinforce social inequalities. They are specific to a setting and context and are often enforced by people who benefit from them in some way.<\/p>\n

Studies have shown promise for shifting norms by working with people during transitional moments<\/a> in their lives, such as during early adolescence, when newly married, or when they become parents. Through the USAID-funded Passages project<\/a>, the Masculinit\u00e9, Famille, et Foi project in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) worked with faith communities to enable a social environment for voluntary family planning use by young couples at these important transition points in their lives. Masculinit\u00e9, Famille, et Foi was a gender-transformative program adapted from the pilot program \u201cTransforming Masculinities<\/a>,\u201d led by Tearfund and Georgetown University\u2019s Institute for Reproductive Health (IRH) and implemented by the \u00c9glise de Christ au Congo.<\/p>\n

Shifting Norms around Voluntary Family Planning with Young Couples<\/h3>\n

At the outset of this project, in 2016, we sought to identify the people whom young couples considered most influential for them in terms of reproductive health and intimate partner violence. Our researchers did this by conducting a formative assessment using the Social Norms Exploration Tool<\/a>. This assessment identified faith leaders and members of faith communities as being very influential in shaping young couples\u2019 social norms and behaviors. Knowing these key groups helped us to design Masculinit\u00e9, Famille, et Foi\u2019s programming to shift social norms.<\/p>\n

With regard to voluntary family planning\u2014our focus here\u2014a key social norm identified in the formative assessment was that couples felt that their communities were not accepting of women\u2019s use of voluntary family planning unless they already had many children. Other norms concerned how decisions were made related to the use of voluntary family planning; we found that men, who were considered the heads of households, had the final say. These social norms were important drivers of behaviors, and they had a strong effect on women\u2019s lives.<\/p>\n

Masculinit\u00e9, Famille, et Foi worked with young couples ages 18\u201335 to identify, create, and embrace new, more egalitarian gender norms. Our hope was that this would increase shared decision-making regarding voluntary family planning within these young couples, increase their voluntary use of modern family planning methods, and reduce intimate partner violence (not described here).<\/p>\n

The Transformation Process<\/h3>\n

Our program looked at the desired shift in social norms from many angles within the context of faith communities. From January 2017 to December 2018, newly married couples and first-time parents in Kinshasa participated in the 18-month program. As part of program activities, the young couples engaged in trainings, community dialogues, health talks, and diffusion activities such as community celebrations and sharing stories of change. On the agenda were discussions to help participants reflect on the importance of voluntary family planning, as well as the role of men in household and health activities intended to benefit the family. Pre-trained, well-respected \u201cgender champions<\/a>\u201d and faith leaders from within the congregations mentored couples throughout the program period. Links were also made to local health care centers<\/a> through health talks led by community health workers and the distribution of referral cards. Another nine congregations were selected as a comparison group and received only the health service referrals, without the activities to shift norms.<\/p>\n\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n

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The Effects of the Program on Voluntary Family Planning Behaviors and Norms<\/h3>\n

To learn whether the program had achieved the desired effects, researchers conducted two sets of surveys with program participants. Before the program began, the newly married couples and first-time parents in both participating and nonparticipating congregations responded to a survey (the \u201cbaseline\u201d survey). After the intervention, they answered a second survey (the \u201cendline\u201d survey, the results of which may be found here<\/a>). The surveys provided first-hand data on the situation of social norms for family planning, and specifically for young couples, in this context.<\/p>\n

Modern Voluntary Family Planning Use Increased<\/h3>\n

The results of the program showed more significant improvements in voluntary family planning use among the young couples in the group who participated in the program, compared to those who had not participated (Figure 1).<\/p>\n\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n

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In fact, more than half of all women participants who were not pregnant during the second survey (53%) said they were using a modern method of voluntary family planning within their relationship, up from 40% before the program began. These shifts in behavior were supported by shifts in young couples\u2019 attitudes and confidence in their ability to use modern voluntary family planning.<\/p>\n

Further, both young couples and the key groups around them influencing social norms saw modern voluntary family planning use as more typical and appropriate for young couples after the program compared to before the program. For example, among first-time parents in the intervention group, 91% felt that their partner would approve of them using a modern voluntary family planning method, as compared to 80% of those in the comparison group. In addition, at the final survey, more participants considered their partner or a health worker to be important influencers, and fewer mentioned other nuclear family members as influencers. This is key, because it means that this couples-based program with strong links to health care has the potential to shift sources of social support for behaviors related to voluntary family planning.<\/p>\n

Through its guided examination of social norms, creation of a supportive environment, and links to health care, Masculinit\u00e9, Famille, et Foi has shown that faith-based programming holds promise for shifting social norms to improve voluntary family planning use, along with other supportive behavioral shifts. The program\u2014the first of its kind to work directly with faith leaders and within faith communities to confront and address social norms\u2014demonstrates the importance of these influential leaders and communities on the lives and behaviors of individuals.<\/p>\n

As one religious leader described, \u201cThe Bible is not against [voluntary] family planning, because when the Bible says, \u2018Multiply, be fruitful, and fill the earth,\u2019 people must be well educated and well trained, otherwise they may create problems. Every couple must first assess their means to finally determine the number of children they must have to assume their responsibilities. Therefore, the Bible also teaches [voluntary] family planning.\u201d<\/p>\n

This program raises several thought-provoking questions about how social norms shift, the relationship between behavior change and norms shifting, and the role of people with an influence on program participants in these shifts. Further analysis is currently underway to better understand these remaining questions. Stay tuned!<\/p>\n

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For more information on engaging youth and young couples in family planning programs, check out this article: “How do we mainstream meaningful youth engagement in family planning programs?<\/a>“<\/em><\/p>\n\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

In Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo, more than a quarter of women have unmet need for voluntary family planning, affecting both their educational and economic opportunities\u2014and their health. The Masculinit\u00e9, Famille, et Foi project has sought to shift social norms to support the use of voluntary family planning among young couples in the city.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":12,"featured_media":5285,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_bbp_topic_count":0,"_bbp_reply_count":0,"_bbp_total_topic_count":0,"_bbp_total_reply_count":0,"_bbp_voice_count":0,"_bbp_anonymous_reply_count":0,"_bbp_topic_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_reply_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_forum_subforum_count":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[99,276,50,61,90,64,192,177],"tags":[277,53,278,115,262,71,60],"class_list":["post-5281","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-content-partner","category-drc","category-east-and-central-africa","category-fp-rh","category-fp-rh-programs","category-gender","category-gender-norms","category-passages-project","tag-democratic-republic-of-the-congo-drc","tag-east-and-central-africa","tag-faith","tag-gender","tag-social-and-behavior-change-sbc","tag-social-norms","tag-unmet-need"],"yoast_head":"\nImproving Voluntary Use of Modern Family Planning Through Shifting Norms with Young Couples - Knowledge Management Training Package<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/kmtraining.org\/fr\/improving-use-of-modern-family-planning-through-shifting-norms-with-young-couples\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Improving Voluntary Use of Modern Family Planning Through Shifting Norms with Young Couples - Knowledge Management Training Package\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"In Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo, more than a quarter of women have unmet need for voluntary family planning, affecting both their educational and economic opportunities\u2014and their health. 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