{"id":5176,"date":"2020-09-16T17:10:49","date_gmt":"2020-09-16T17:10:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kmtraining.org\/how-are-governments-ensuring-that-voluntary-family-planning-remains-an-essential-service-during-covid-19\/"},"modified":"2026-04-28T12:42:01","modified_gmt":"2026-04-28T12:42:01","slug":"how-are-governments-ensuring-that-voluntary-family-planning-remains-an-essential-service-during-covid-19","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kmtraining.org\/fr\/how-are-governments-ensuring-that-voluntary-family-planning-remains-an-essential-service-during-covid-19\/","title":{"rendered":"How Are Governments Ensuring that Voluntary Family Planning Remains an \u201cEssential Service\u201d During COVID-19?"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"wpb-content-wrapper\" id=\"wpb-content-root\"><div class=\"vc_row wpb_row vc_row-fluid vc_custom_1600203611832\" ><div class=\"wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-12\"><div class=\"vc_column-inner\"><div class=\"wpb_wrapper\">\n\t<div class=\"wpb_text_column wpb_content_element\" >\n\t\t<div class=\"wpb_wrapper\">\n\t\t\t<p>In late January 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) <a href=\"https:\/\/www.who.int\/dg\/speeches\/detail\/who-director-general-s-statement-on-ihr-emergency-committee-on-novel-coronavirus-(2019-ncov)\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">declared COVID-19 a Public Health Emergency of International Concern<\/a>, a formal declaration that triggered governments to mandate that only \u201cessential\u201d health care be provided during the pandemic. Though well-intentioned, this directive is also ambiguous. While health care workers scramble to manage waves of highly infectious and often critically ill patients, who decides what type of health care is essential?<\/p>\n<p>Amid an inconsistent designation of \u201cessential\u201d services, overburdened health facilities, lockdowns, supply chain interruptions, and travel restrictions, without decisive action, provision of voluntary family planning will inevitably decline, with potentially devastating effects. The Guttmacher Institute <a href=\"https:\/\/www.guttmacher.org\/journals\/ipsrh\/2020\/04\/estimates-potential-impact-covid-19-pandemic-sexual-and-reproductive-health\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">estimated the impact<\/a> of a 10% proportional decline in the use of short- and long-acting reversible contraceptive methods in 132 low- and middle-income countries. By their calculations, this would result in an additional 49 million women with an unmet need for modern contraceptives and an additional 15 million unintended pregnancies over the course of a year.<\/p>\n<p>Fortunately, governments have taken steps to help ensure that voluntary family planning care remains essential and accessible. <strong>Below, we highlight actions taken by five countries in East and Southern Africa and compare their guidance to the following WHO recommendations:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Substitution<\/strong>: Make other contraceptive options (including barrier methods, fertility awareness-based methods, and emergency contraceptives) more readily available in case a woman\u2019s regular contraceptive method is unavailable.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Relaxing requirements for a prescription<\/strong>: Provide uninterrupted access and multi-month supplies for oral or self-injectable contraception and emergency contraception, along with clear information about the method and how to access referral care for adverse reactions.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Task sharing<\/strong>: Enable pharmacies and drugstores to increase the range of contraceptive options they can provide and allow for multi-month prescriptions and self-administration of subcutaneous injectable contraceptives if available.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"vc_row wpb_row vc_row-fluid vc_custom_1600203672426\" ><div class=\"wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-12\"><div class=\"vc_column-inner\"><div class=\"wpb_wrapper\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"vc_row wpb_row vc_row-fluid vc_custom_1600203630754\" ><div class=\"wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-12\"><div class=\"vc_column-inner\"><div class=\"wpb_wrapper\">\n\t<div class=\"wpb_text_column wpb_content_element\" >\n\t\t<div class=\"wpb_wrapper\">\n\t\t\t<h3>Kenya<\/h3>\n<p>Kenya released a guidance document, <a href=\"https:\/\/kenya.unfpa.org\/sites\/default\/files\/pub-pdf\/KENYA%20-%20COVID19%20RMNH%20GUIDELINES.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><em>Practical Guide for the Provision of Maternal, Newborn and Family Planning Care and Services during the Context of COVID-19<\/em><\/a>, that officially designated voluntary family planning as an essential service. Recommendations include:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Providing methods that require less client\/health worker interaction (for example, oral contraceptive pills [OCPs] versus new intrauterine device [IUD] insertions), if acceptable to clients<\/li>\n<li>Offering extended refills (three-month supply) of pills<\/li>\n<li>Offering injectables at public- and private-sector health facilities<\/li>\n<li>Minimizing crowding at health facilities by offering family planning care 24 hours a day, but staggering client access<\/li>\n<li>Counseling women on normal side effects of contraception to discourage premature method discontinuation<\/li>\n<li>Encouraging task sharing through community-based distribution and private-sector facilities, such as drug shops and pharmacies, to alleviate the burden on health care facilities (only for pills and condoms)<\/li>\n<li>Working with trusted motorcycle taxi operators to deliver pills and condoms to women in their communities<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Kenya\u2019s openness to task sharing sets it apart from some neighboring countries. In general, the government\u2019s guidance encourages a balance between innovation and fidelity to established recommendations in order to maintain women\u2019s access to safe, high-quality family planning care.<\/p>\n\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"vc_row wpb_row vc_row-fluid vc_custom_1600203641773\" ><div class=\"wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-12\"><div class=\"vc_column-inner\"><div class=\"wpb_wrapper\">\n\t<div class=\"wpb_text_column wpb_content_element\" >\n\t\t<div class=\"wpb_wrapper\">\n\t\t\t<h3>Uganda<\/h3>\n<p>The Global Financing Facility <a href=\"https:\/\/www.globalfinancingfacility.org\/sites\/gff_new\/files\/documents\/Uganda-Covid-Brief_GFF.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">estimated<\/a> that due to current COVID-related disruptions, the percentage of married women using modern and traditional family planning methods could drop from the current level of 44% to 26% in a year, without intervention. To help ward off the <a href=\"https:\/\/globalhealth.org\/event\/continuity-of-maternal-newborn-and-child-health-family-planning-and-reproductive-health-care-in-the-time-of-covid-19-webinar-1\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">damaging results<\/a> of an estimated 941,800 fewer women receiving family planning care, the Government of Uganda released an interim guidance document, <em>Sustained Delivery of Essential Health Services in the Context of COVID-19 in Uganda<\/em>, prioritizing voluntary family planning as an essential service. Subsequently, the Ministry of Health (MOH) prepared specific guidelines on reproductive health care in the context of the pandemic. The approach focuses on:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Emphasizing community-based distribution through village health teams (with limits on the number of people attending community events) and motorcycle taxi operators to connect with clients who require refills<\/li>\n<li>Continuing clinical outreach for long-term and permanent methods<\/li>\n<li>Providing three-month supplies of short-acting methods, rather than requiring women to return to a clinic monthly<\/li>\n<li>Supporting contraception continuance among women who wish to limit or space births (for example, health care workers review records to identify clients in need of refills and contact them through village health teams or trained motorcycle taxi operators)<\/li>\n<li>Advising district health authorities to consider maintaining higher levels of stock than usual, if possible<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>It is interesting to note that despite some successful pilot programs, Uganda\u2019s COVID guidance does not recommend task sharing via provision of injectables in private-sector clinics or by drug shops. However, Uganda\u2019s plan to review medical records to identify women in need of refills and engage trusted motorcycle taxi drivers to contact these clients is a novel approach that could be easily replicated if successful.<\/p>\n\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"vc_row wpb_row vc_row-fluid vc_custom_1600203648897\" ><div class=\"wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-12\"><div class=\"vc_column-inner\"><div class=\"wpb_wrapper\">\n\t<div class=\"wpb_text_column wpb_content_element\" >\n\t\t<div class=\"wpb_wrapper\">\n\t\t\t<h3>Tanzania<\/h3>\n<p>During a <a href=\"https:\/\/globalhealth.org\/event\/continuity-of-maternal-newborn-and-child-health-family-planning-and-reproductive-health-care-in-the-time-of-covid-19-webinar-1\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">webinar<\/a> in June, Dr. Alfred Mukuwani, Tanzania\u2019s Assistant Director for Reproductive and Child Health, explained that Tanzania\u2019s approach to COVID-19 differs from that of some neighboring countries. The country never fully locked down, but rather emphasized infection prevention, mainly through handwashing. Tanzania\u2019s <em>New Practical Guidelines for Maternal Nutrition and Child Health and Family Planning Services during COVID-19<\/em> focuses on the following measures:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Carefully tracking inventory and accurately ordering commodities to minimize stockouts<\/li>\n<li>Deferring elective invasive surgical procedures, such as bilateral tubal ligation<\/li>\n<li>Continuing to offer facility-based family planning care, and exercising infection prevention control to protect both clients and service providers<\/li>\n<li>Deferring removal of long-acting methods to reduce physical contact between clients and health care providers<\/li>\n<li>Suspending community outreach until widespread restrictions on movement are lifted<\/li>\n<li>Ensuring that ECPs\u2014deemed especially important while people are advised to stay home\u2014are readily available in all facilities and drug outlets and from CHWs<\/li>\n<li>Providing OCPs with up to three-month refills<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Provision of ECPs is unique to Tanzania among the countries discussed here, and their ready accessibility is especially important.<\/p>\n\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"vc_row wpb_row vc_row-fluid vc_custom_1600203655901\" ><div class=\"wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-12\"><div class=\"vc_column-inner\"><div class=\"wpb_wrapper\">\n\t<div class=\"wpb_text_column wpb_content_element\" >\n\t\t<div class=\"wpb_wrapper\">\n\t\t\t<h3>Zambia<\/h3>\n<p>The Government of Zambia developed <em>General Guidelines for Continuation of Essential Public Health Services<\/em>, which notes that the likelihood of increased unintended pregnancies during the pandemic necessitates women\u2019s continued access to voluntary family planning information and care. Zambia\u2019s strategy for maintaining continuity of voluntary family planning relies on:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Providing short-term methods, because they are easy to administer, safe for most women, and require relatively little interaction between clients and providers<\/li>\n<li>Relaxing requirements related to refills on OCPs, allowing three-month refills<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>However, injectable contraceptives are the most popular method among Zambian women, and the guidelines do not emphasize task sharing (such as provision by drug shops) to increase access or reduce the burden on facilities. Also, outreach services were suspended, and the guidelines defer the removal of long-term methods, provision of IUDs, and elective surgeries like vasectomy and tubal ligations. As a result, practically speaking, many women will have few options beyond condoms and OCPs, which may result in decreased use of voluntary family planning.<\/p>\n\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"vc_row wpb_row vc_row-fluid vc_custom_1600203662848\" ><div class=\"wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-12\"><div class=\"vc_column-inner\"><div class=\"wpb_wrapper\">\n\t<div class=\"wpb_text_column wpb_content_element\" >\n\t\t<div class=\"wpb_wrapper\">\n\t\t\t<h3>Zimbabwe<\/h3>\n<p>Some family planning clinics in Zimbabwe have closed because of COVID-19, and others have suspended outreach services. Even where clinics remain open and provide a full range of contraceptive care, attendance has dropped precipitously; one nongovernmental organization (NGO) <a href=\"https:\/\/www.southernafricalitigationcentre.org\/2020\/05\/28\/womens-health-still-matters-the-impact-of-covid-19-on-sexual-and-reproductive-health-rights-and-womens-health\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">reported<\/a> that the number of clients fell by 70% in April 2020. Zimbabwe\u2019s MOH developed guidance which, similar to those of the other countries, asserts that voluntary family planning is an essential service and its provision will continue during the pandemic. However, unlike Zambia and Kenya\u2014whose main strategy is provision of short-acting methods\u2014Zimbabwe is promoting fertility awareness methods (FAMs), such as lactational amenorrhea and the Standard Days Method. This emphasis on FAMs is unique; they are a viable option, especially given that access to facilities is limited. However, the effectiveness of FAMs varies widely, and intensive counseling will be required to successfully shift clients currently using other methods.<\/p>\n\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\t<div class=\"wpb_text_column wpb_content_element\" >\n\t\t<div class=\"wpb_wrapper\">\n\t\t\t<h3>Implications For Continued Contraceptive Access<\/h3>\n\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"vc_row wpb_row vc_row-fluid vc_custom_1600203672426\" ><div class=\"wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-12\"><div class=\"vc_column-inner\"><div class=\"wpb_wrapper\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"vc_row wpb_row vc_row-fluid\" ><div class=\"wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-12\"><div class=\"vc_column-inner\"><div class=\"wpb_wrapper\">\n\t<div class=\"wpb_text_column wpb_content_element\" >\n\t\t<div class=\"wpb_wrapper\">\n\t\t\t<h3>What Can We Learn from These Varied Responses to COVID-19?<\/h3>\n<p>While WHO guidance provided a generic platform for responses to COVID-19, the countries discussed here customized according to their own goals, policies, and political contexts. The most commonly adopted WHO recommendation is to relax requirements to allow easier access to short-acting methods for up to three months. However, as for the recommendation that substitutions be made when the preferred method is not available, countries\u2019 guidance varies quite a bit. For instance, Zimbabwe prioritizes FAMs, while Tanzania prioritizes emergency contraception. There is also significant variation in the level of flexibility: While Uganda and Kenya have more open approaches that encourage innovation, Tanzania and Zambia seem to be more restrictive.<\/p>\n<p>The pandemic has caused countries to rapidly adjust their policies and adopt measures that, under normal circumstances, could take years to implement. When the emergency lifts, there will be rich opportunities to study what worked, what did not, and what measures might be applied not only to future pandemics but also to everyday family planning guidance. Illustrative programmatic and research questions include:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Did women who were provided three-month refills of pills continue taking them as prescribed, or did they forget without the usual monthly check-ins with providers? Did they have issues with storing three months of pills?<\/li>\n<li>In the absence of other choices, how many couples used FAMs and how were pregnancy rates affected? Where FAMs were effective, what kind of counseling did women and couples receive?<\/li>\n<li>How successful were the innovations, such as the use of motorcycle taxi operators to deliver contraception during lockdowns? Could women afford the costs in poor urban settlements or rural areas?<\/li>\n<li>How were countries able to change their policies so swiftly? What can family planning advocates and policy researchers learn from the process<\/li>\n<li>How satisfied were women and couples who had to change from their usual methods to something more readily available during the pandemic? Did they switch back after regulations eased?<\/li>\n<li>How were birth rates affected in each country?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>It remains to be seen whether any country\u2019s response will be more successful than others. Going forward, it will be important to track all the key metrics of reproductive health\/family planning to learn valuable lessons from the experiences of women and couples using voluntary family planning during these extraordinary times.<\/p>\n<h2>Document COVID&#8217;s Impact on FP With This Tool<\/h2>\n<p>The USAID-funded <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fhi360.org\/projects\/research-scalable-solutions-r4s\">Research for Scalable Solutions (R4S) Project<\/a>, with technical assistance from the USAID-funded <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fhi360.org\/projects\/envision-fp\">EnvisionFP Project<\/a>, developed a series of survey questions that can be added to ongoing studies and activities to systematically capture the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic and recovery process on voluntary family planning access and use.<\/p>\n\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"vc_row wpb_row vc_row-fluid\" ><div class=\"wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-12\"><div class=\"vc_column-inner\"><div class=\"wpb_wrapper\"><div class=\"vc_btn3-container vc_btn3-left vc_do_btn\" ><a onmouseenter=\"this.style.backgroundColor='#39a0bd'; this.style.color='#f7f7f7'; this.style.borderColor='#39a0bd';\" onmouseleave=\"this.style.backgroundColor='#4CADC9'; this.style.color='#fff'; this.style.borderColor='#4CADC9';\" style=\"background-color:#4CADC9; color:#fff; border-color:#4CADC9;\" class=\"vc_general vc_btn3 vc_btn3-size-md vc_btn3-shape-rounded vc_btn3-style-modern\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fhi360.org\/resource\/documenting-effects-covid-19-family-planning-access-and-use-standardized-questions\" title=\"\" target=\"_blank\">Get the survey questions<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>In a variety of ways that suit their contexts, countries around the world have adapted international guidance on providing family planning care during the COVID-19 pandemic. Tracking the extent to which these new policies are successful in maintaining women\u2019s access to safe, high-quality care will provide valuable lessons for responses to future public health emergencies.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":12,"featured_media":5181,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_bbp_topic_count":0,"_bbp_reply_count":0,"_bbp_total_topic_count":0,"_bbp_total_reply_count":0,"_bbp_voice_count":0,"_bbp_anonymous_reply_count":0,"_bbp_topic_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_reply_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_forum_subforum_count":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[146,50,63,61,51,65,226,159,242],"tags":[52,53,55,243,228,162,244,245],"class_list":["post-5176","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-covid-19","category-east-and-central-africa","category-equity-and-empowerment","category-fp-rh","category-kenya","category-policy-and-advocacy","category-tanzania","category-uganda","category-zimbabwe","tag-access","tag-east-and-central-africa","tag-kenya","tag-southern-africa","tag-tanzania","tag-uganda","tag-zambia","tag-zimbabwe"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>How Are Governments Ensuring that Voluntary Family Planning Remains an \u201cEssential Service\u201d During COVID-19? - Knowledge Management Training Package<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/kmtraining.org\/fr\/how-are-governments-ensuring-that-voluntary-family-planning-remains-an-essential-service-during-covid-19\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"How Are Governments Ensuring that Voluntary Family Planning Remains an \u201cEssential Service\u201d During COVID-19? - Knowledge Management Training Package\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"In a variety of ways that suit their contexts, countries around the world have adapted international guidance on providing family planning care during the COVID-19 pandemic. 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